Pediatric Crutches
Essential information for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals
What are Pediatric Crutches? Pediatric crutches are mobility aids designed specifically for children to help transfer weight from the lower body to the upper body. They support children who cannot place full weight on one or both legs due to injury, surgery, or medical conditions.
Purpose and Medical Uses
Pediatric crutches serve several important functions in child healthcare:
- Support healing of bone fractures by reducing weight on the injured leg
- Aid recovery after orthopedic surgery
- Assist with sprains, strains, and soft tissue injuries
- Provide mobility for children with temporary or long-term leg weakness
- Help prevent further injury during the healing period
- Enable early mobilization which can speed recovery time
Types of Pediatric Crutches
| Type | Description | Best For | Age Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axillary Crutches | Underarm crutches that extend from the ground to just below the armpit | Short-term use, temporary injuries | 7 years and older |
| Forearm Crutches | Also called elbow or Lofstrand crutches with a cuff around the forearm | Long-term use, better mobility and stability | Toddlers to teens |
Axillary Crutches
These are the most common type for children with temporary injuries. Key features include:
- Padded underarm supports and handgrips
- Adjustable height from approximately 31 to 40 inches
- Made from lightweight aluminum or wood
- Weight capacity typically 200-300 pounds
- Rubber tips for traction and stability
Forearm Crutches
Preferred for extended use, these offer several advantages:
- Prevent nerve and blood vessel damage under the arm
- Allow more natural arm movement
- Provide better long-term comfort
- Available in small, medium, and large sizes
- Suitable for children as short as 2.5 feet tall
How to Choose the Right Size
Sizing Guidelines
| Child Height | Crutch Size | Typical Age |
|---|---|---|
| 2.5 to 3.5 feet | Small pediatric | Toddlers to young children |
| 3.2 to 4.5 feet | Medium pediatric | School-age children |
| 4.2 to 5.5 feet | Large pediatric or youth | Older children and teens |
Proper Fitting Instructions
For Axillary Crutches
- Have the child stand upright with relaxed shoulders wearing their regular shoes
- Measure from the armpit to the floor and subtract 2 inches (5 cm) for the correct crutch length
- When standing with crutches, there should be a gap of 1-2 inches (2-3 finger widths) between the armpit and the top of the crutch
- Adjust handgrips to wrist level when arms hang naturally at the sides
- When holding the handgrips, elbows should be slightly bent at about 30 degrees
For Forearm Crutches
- Adjust handgrip height so handles are at wrist level when standing upright
- Position the forearm cuff just below the elbow for comfortable support
- Ensure the elbow bends slightly when gripping the handles
- Check that the cuff fits snugly but does not restrict circulation
Step-by-Step Usage Guide
Weight-Bearing Instructions
Your doctor will specify one of these levels:
- Non-weight-bearing: No weight on the injured leg at all
- Partial weight-bearing: Limited weight allowed on the injured leg
- Weight-bearing as tolerated: Can put weight based on comfort level
Standing Up from a Seated Position
- Sit near the edge of a stable chair with both crutches on one side
- Hold both crutches together in one hand by the handgrips
- Push off the chair with the free hand while supporting weight on the uninjured leg
- Once standing, place one crutch under each arm
Walking with Crutches (Non-Weight-Bearing)
- Stand on the uninjured leg with good posture
- Position crutches about 6-12 inches in front and slightly wider than shoulder width
- Move both crutches forward together about one step length
- Press down firmly on the handgrips to support body weight through the hands, not armpits
- Swing the uninjured leg forward to meet or slightly pass the crutches
- Keep the injured leg off the ground throughout
- Look straight ahead, not down at feet
Walking with Crutches (Partial Weight-Bearing)
- Move both crutches and the injured leg forward together
- Place the injured foot down gently with only the allowed amount of weight
- Support most weight through the handgrips
- Step forward with the uninjured leg
- Repeat the pattern maintaining equal step lengths
Sitting Down
- Back up to the chair until it touches the back of the uninjured leg
- Hold both crutches in one hand
- Reach back for the chair with the free hand
- Extend the injured leg forward
- Lower yourself slowly into the chair using arm strength
Navigating Stairs Going Up
- Face the stairs and hold the handrail with one hand if available
- Hold both crutches in the other hand or use one crutch with the rail
- Push down on the crutches and step up with the uninjured leg first
- Bring the injured leg and crutches up to the same step
- Repeat for each step
Navigating Stairs Going Down
- Face forward at the top of stairs
- Lower the crutches to the step below first
- Bring the injured leg forward to the lower step
- Support weight on the handgrips and lower the uninjured leg to the same step
- Repeat for each step going down
Safety Precautions and Warnings
Critical Safety Rules
- Never place weight on the armpits - this can damage nerves and blood vessels
- All weight should be supported through the handgrips only
- Do not lean or hang on the top of the crutches
- Move slowly and deliberately, especially when learning
- Always look forward, not down at feet, to maintain balance
- Keep crutches within easy reach at all times
Proper Footwear
- Wear well-fitting shoes with non-slip rubber soles
- Avoid slippers, flip-flops, high heels, or loose shoes
- Tie shoelaces securely to prevent tripping
- Socks alone are not safe - always wear proper shoes
Environmental Hazards to Avoid
- Wet floors, especially indoors after rain or cleaning
- Slippery surfaces like ice, snow, and wet leaves
- Throw rugs and loose carpets
- Electrical cords and cables across walkways
- Toys, books, and clutter on floors
- Pets that may get underfoot
- Crowded hallways and tight spaces
Signs of Improper Use or Fit
- Numbness, tingling, or loss of feeling in arms or hands
- Redness, blisters, or skin breakdown under arms or on hands
- Shoulder, neck, or back pain
- Child unable to maintain balance after several days of practice
- Excessive fatigue or difficulty using crutches
School and Activity Considerations
- Notify the school about crutch use and request early dismissal from classes to avoid crowded hallways
- Arrange for extra time between classes
- Use a backpack to carry books and supplies hands-free
- Request access to elevators if available
- Temporarily relocate sleeping area to avoid frequent stair use at home
- No running, jumping, or rough play while using crutches
Maintenance and Device Safety
Daily Checks
- Inspect rubber tips for wear, cracks, or smooth spots - replace when worn
- Check that all screws and adjustment pins are tight
- Verify underarm pads and handgrip padding are intact and secure
- Ensure height adjustments remain locked in place
- Look for cracks, bends, or damage to the crutch frame
Cleaning and Care
- Wipe down crutches regularly with mild soap and water
- Dry thoroughly to prevent rust on metal parts
- Do not submerge crutches in water
- Keep away from extreme heat which can damage padding
- Store in a dry location when not in use
Replacement Parts
- Replace rubber tips every 2-3 months or when showing wear
- Replacement tips are available at pharmacies and medical supply stores
- Replace pads when they become compressed, torn, or soiled
- Do not use crutches with damaged or missing parts
Frequently Asked Questions
How long will my child need crutches?
Duration depends on the injury type and severity. Minor sprains may require 1-2 weeks, while fractures typically need 4-6 weeks. Your doctor will determine the timeline and when your child can gradually reduce crutch use.
Can my child under 7 years old use crutches?
Generally, children under 7 lack the coordination and balance needed for safe crutch use. Your doctor may recommend alternatives like a wheelchair, walker, or knee scooter for younger children.
Why does my child's armpit hurt when using crutches?
This indicates incorrect use. The crutches may be too tall, or your child is leaning on the armpit pads instead of supporting weight through the handgrips. This can cause nerve and blood vessel damage. Recheck the fit and ensure proper technique immediately.
Can crutches be adjusted as my child grows?
Yes, most pediatric crutches have adjustable height settings. Recheck the fit every few weeks during growth periods and adjust as needed to maintain proper positioning.
What if my child cannot manage stairs with crutches?
It is safe for children to sit and scoot up or down stairs on their bottom. Alternatively, temporarily move their sleeping area to the main floor to avoid frequent stair use.
Should crutches make noise when walking?
Quality crutches should be relatively quiet. Squeaking or clicking sounds may indicate loose screws or worn parts that need tightening or replacement.
Can my child use just one crutch?
Only if specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. Most injuries require two crutches for proper weight distribution and balance. Using one crutch incorrectly can cause additional injury.
Are forearm crutches better than underarm crutches?
Forearm crutches are generally preferred for long-term use as they prevent nerve and blood vessel compression under the arms and allow more natural movement. For short-term injuries, either type works well when properly fitted and used.
What should I do if the rubber tips get wet?
Wet rubber tips on indoor floors are very slippery and dangerous. Dry the tips thoroughly before walking indoors. Consider keeping a towel handy during rainy or snowy weather.
How often should crutches be checked by a professional?
Have crutches checked during regular medical follow-up appointments. If your child reports discomfort, shows signs of improper use, or crutches will be used for more than a few weeks, consider a physical therapy consultation for technique review.
When to Seek Medical Help
- Pain in the injured area increases or changes
- Swelling or bruising worsens
- Numbness or tingling develops in the injured leg or arms
- Fever develops
- Skin around injury becomes red, warm, or shows drainage
- Child cannot safely use crutches after proper training and practice
- Any signs of circulation problems or nerve damage
Additional Tips for Success
- Practice in a safe, open area before navigating challenging spaces
- Start with short distances and gradually increase as confidence builds
- Encourage rest periods - using crutches is tiring, especially at first
- Use a small bag or backpack to carry items hands-free
- Consider getting colorful crutch covers or stickers to make them more appealing to children
- Praise and encourage your child's progress to build confidence
- Have a physical therapist demonstrate proper technique if available
- Take photos or videos to review technique with your child
Medical Disclaimer
This guide is for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician, pediatrician, or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding your child's medical condition or mobility device use. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of information read on this website.
Every child's situation is unique. The information provided here represents general guidelines and may not apply to all cases. Your healthcare provider will give specific instructions based on your child's individual needs, injury type, and medical history. Always follow your doctor's specific recommendations regarding weight-bearing restrictions, crutch type, duration of use, and follow-up care.
Improper use of crutches can result in falls, additional injuries, or complications. Ensure proper professional fitting and training before your child uses crutches.
Labels: Orthopedics